Python Экосистема — Полный каталог

# СТАНДАРТ: httpx
import httpx

# Sync
response = httpx.get("https://api.example.com")

# Async
async with httpx.AsyncClient() as client:
    response = await client.get("https://api.example.com")

# СТАНДАРТ: Pydantic v2
from pydantic import BaseModel, ConfigDict

class User(BaseModel):
    model_config = ConfigDict(from_attributes=True)

    id: int
    name: str
    email: str

# СТАНДАРТ: pydantic-settings
from pydantic_settings import BaseSettings

class Settings(BaseSettings):
    database_url: str
    api_key: str
    debug: bool = False

    class Config:
        env_file = ".env"

settings = Settings()

# СТАНДАРТ: loguru (простой)
from loguru import logger

logger.info("Processing {count} items", count=42)

# СТАНДАРТ: structlog (production)
import structlog

log = structlog.get_logger()
log.info("processing", count=42, user_id=123)

# СТАНДАРТ: Typer
import typer

app = typer.Typer()

@app.command()
def hello(name: str, count: int = 1):
    for _ in range(count):
        typer.echo(f"Hello {name}")

if __name__ == "__main__":
    app()

ДЕРЕВО ВЫБОРА:

Задача < 5 сек?
├── ДА → BackgroundTasks (FastAPI встроенный)
│
└── НЕТ → Async или CPU?
          ├── Async (API, файлы) → ARQ + Redis
          └── CPU (расчёты) → Celery + Redis

# СТАНДАРТ: SQLAlchemy 2.0 async
from sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio import AsyncSession, create_async_engine
from sqlalchemy.orm import DeclarativeBase, Mapped, mapped_column

engine = create_async_engine("postgresql+asyncpg://...")

class Base(DeclarativeBase):
    pass

class User(Base):
    __tablename__ = "users"
    id: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(primary_key=True)
    name: Mapped[str]

# СТАНДАРТ: pytest + httpx
import pytest
from httpx import AsyncClient, ASGITransport

@pytest.fixture
async def client(app):
    async with AsyncClient(
        transport=ASGITransport(app=app),
        base_url="http://test"
    ) as ac:
        yield ac

@pytest.mark.asyncio
async def test_endpoint(client):
    response = await client.get("/api/users")
    assert response.status_code == 200

# СТАНДАРТ: aiofiles + pathlib
import aiofiles
from pathlib import Path

async def read_file(path: Path) -> str:
    async with aiofiles.open(path, mode='r') as f:
        return await f.read()

# СТАНДАРТ: aioboto3
import aioboto3

async def upload_to_s3(file, bucket: str, key: str):
    session = aioboto3.Session()
    async with session.client("s3") as s3:
        await s3.upload_fileobj(file, bucket, key)

# СТАНДАРТ: orjson
import orjson

data = {"name": "test", "value": 123}
json_bytes = orjson.dumps(data)  # bytes
json_str = orjson.dumps(data).decode()  # str

# СТАНДАРТ: datetime + zoneinfo
from datetime import datetime
from zoneinfo import ZoneInfo

now_utc = datetime.now(ZoneInfo("UTC"))
now_moscow = now_utc.astimezone(ZoneInfo("Europe/Moscow"))

# СТАНДАРТ: passlib
from passlib.context import CryptContext

pwd_context = CryptContext(schemes=["bcrypt"], deprecated="auto")

def hash_password(password: str) -> str:
    return pwd_context.hash(password)

def verify_password(plain: str, hashed: str) -> bool:
    return pwd_context.verify(plain, hashed)

# СТАНДАРТ: rich
from rich.console import Console
from rich.table import Table

console = Console()

table = Table(title="Users")
table.add_column("ID")
table.add_column("Name")
table.add_row("1", "Alice")

console.print(table)

# СТАНДАРТ: uvloop
import uvloop

uvloop.install()  # Ускоряет asyncio в 2-4x

# СТАНДАРТ: pyproject.toml + ruff
[tool.ruff]
line-length = 100
target-version = "py312"

[tool.ruff.lint]
select = ["E", "F", "I", "UP"]